A field experiment was conducted in Central Research Station of Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar during wet, dry and summer seasons of 2006-07 and 2007-08 with an objective to study the effect of various rice-based cropping systems on system productivity, uptake, utilization and use efficiency of N, P and K. Rice-maize-okra system showed the highest system productivity of 25.91 t ha^-1 yr. The lowest system productivity (12.12 t ha^-1 yr^-1) was with rice-groundnut-fallow system. Rice-maize-okra system removed the highest amount of N (293.5 kg ha^-1), P (62.1 kg ha^-1) and K (287.0 kg ha^-1) where as the lowest N, P and K uptake of 177.1, 41.0 and 201.3 kg ha^-1 was in rice-radish-sesame, rice-groundnut-cucumber and rice-groundnut-fallow systems, respectively. The highest N harvest index was obtained in rice-french bean-sesame system (90.17 %) where as rice-french bean-bitter gourd system had the highest P and K harvest index of 95.45 and 92.52 per cent, respectively. The highest P uptake efficiency (1.49 kg uptake kg^-1 added) was observed in rice-french beansesame system. Rice-tomato-cowpea had the highest N, P and K utilization efficiency with corresponding values of 105.64, 485.73 and 83.25 kg REY kg^-1 uptake. This system was also best in respect of P and K use efficiency with 414.96 and 217.45 kg REY kg^-1 added, respectively.