Genetic diversity for fertility restoration and marker based screening of restorers for wild and dwarf abortive sterile lines

Hybrid rice technology being one of the sustainable and eco-friendly options to break the yield ceiling in rice is currently adopted in different countries like China, India, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, etc. It is most popular in China covering more than 50% of its rice cultivation area. The three line system constituting cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line, a maintainer line and restorer line is more widely used for development of hybrid rice. CMS is often associated with the unusual open reading frames (ORFs) found in mitochondrial genomes leading to pollen sterility. The pollen fertility is restored by nuclear-encoded genes called fertility restorer (Rf) gene(s). Identification through molecular detection of the Rf genes/QTLs by using linked or direct markers is an easy method, after which phenotypic confirmation of Rf positive lines may be carried out. Many linked SSR markers are reported for different Rf genes/QTLs. In the present study, five linked markers namely RM228, RM202, RM35, RM18, RM17 for wild abortive (WA), boroII (BT) and dwarf wild abortive (DA) type restorers were used to identify presence of the fertility restorer QTLs qRf4, qRf11, qRf1 and qRf10-2. A moderate level of diversity parameters were observed from the set of the studied genotypes. The genotypes Krishnabhog, CR2690-3-2-1-1-1, Samba Mahsuri, Chandan, Saket4, Naveen, Lalat MAS, IR 84898-B-168-24-1-1-1, IET 22704 and Pusa 1592-6 showed presence of the fertility restoration QTLs qRF4, qRF11, qRF7 and qRF10-2. The genotypes like IR84887-B-156-17-1-1-1, Vandana, CO-41, Tapaswini MAS, Karjat-3, Tapaswini, Sonasali and BAS-366 observed to possess qRf4 and qRf10-2, whereas the genotypes Parijata, Annapurna, IR 84898-B-168-24-1-1-1, IR64 and CR3696-3-2-2-1-2 possessed qRf11 and qRf10-2. These lines,
after further phenotypic confirmation for fertility restoration of WA, BT and DA type CMS lines can be used for future development of hybrid rice.